The value of immunotherapy in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma

Summary Leukemia and lymphoma are a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children the prognosis for patients with relapsed or refractory disease remains poor. Standard therapies associated wide array acute long-term toxicities. Immunotherapy is changing treatment landscape pediatric leukemia has advanced at tremendous pace over last decade. Immunotherapies thought to exhibit fewer toxicities than chemotherapy radiation, which makes it very appealing field pediatrics. These novel therapeutic concepts may overcome resistance decrease side effects standard therapy. Many currently being investigated, from immunomodulatory agents adoptive cell therapy, bispecific T‑cell engagers, oncolytic virotherapy, checkpoint inhibition. A critical challenge that must be identification biomarker(s) identify who would benefit immunotherapy.